How Hard Is It to Read Lips
| Hard mollusk | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Venerida |
| Superfamily: | Veneroidea |
| Family: | Veneridae |
| Genus: | Mercenaria |
| Species: | M. mercenaria |
| Binomial proper noun | |
| Mercenaria mercenaria Linnaeus, 1758 | |
The hard mollusk (Mercenaria mercenaria), also known as a quahog (; or quahaug), round clam or hard-trounce (or hard-shelled) clam, is an edible marine bivalve mollusk that is native to the eastern shores of Northward America and Central America from Prince Edward Island to the Yucatán Peninsula. It is one of many unrelated edible bivalves that in the United States are frequently referred to just as clams, equally in the expression "clam digging". Older literature sources may use the systematic name Venus mercenaria; this species is in the family Veneridae, the venus clams.
Confusingly, the "sea quahog" is a unlike species, Arctica islandica, which, although superficially like in shape, is in a dissimilar family of bivalves: it is rounder than the hard clam, commonly has black periostracum, and there is no pallial sinus in the interior of the shell.
Alternative names [edit]
Left valve interior of Mercenaria mercenaria.
The difficult clam has many culling mutual names. It is also known equally the Northern quahog, circular clam, or chowder clam.[ane]
In fish markets, there are specialist names for different sizes of this species of clam. The smallest legally harvestable clams are called countnecks or peanuts, side by side size upward are littlenecks, then topnecks. Above that are the cherrystones, and the largest are called quahogs or chowder clams.[ii]
The well-nigh distinctive of these names is quahog ( KOH-squealer, KWAW-hog, or kwə-HOG ). The give-and-take comes from the Narragansett give-and-take "poquauhock", which is similar in Wampanoag and some other Algonquian languages; it is starting time attested in North American English in 1794.[three] [4] Native polities on the eastern Atlantic seaboard made valuable beads chosen wampum from the shells, particularly those colored majestic; the species name mercenaria is related to the Latin word for commerce. Today people living in coastal New England notwithstanding use Algonquian words for the mollusk, as they have done for thousands of years.
In many areas where aquaculture is important, clam farmers have bred specialized versions of these clams with distinctions needed for them to exist distinguished in the marketplace. These are quite similar to common "wild blazon" Mercenaria clams, except that their shells bear distinctive markings. These are known as the notata strain of quahogs, which occur naturally in low numbers wherever quahogs are found.[5]
Distribution [edit]
An former quahog shell that has been bored (producing Entobia) and encrusted after the death of the clam
Hard clams are quite common throughout New England, north into Canada, and all down the Eastern seaboard of the United States to Florida; just they are particularly abundant between Cape Cod and New Bailiwick of jersey, where seeding and harvesting them is an of import commercial class of aquaculture. For instance, the species is an of import fellow member of the interruption-feeding, benthic brute of the lower Chesapeake Bay.
Rhode Island is situated correct in the middle of "quahog country" and has supplied a quarter of the U.S.'s full almanac commercial quahog catch. The quahog is the official shellfish of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. The species has also been introduced and is farmed on the Pacific coast of North America and in Great United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland and continental Europe. It reproduces sexually past females and males shedding gametes into the water.[two]
Parasite [edit]
Quahog parasite unknown (QPX)[6] is a parasite that affects the hard crush clam Mercenaria mercenaria. While footling is known about the disease, research is currently under way in several laboratories.[7] This enquiry is fueled past the need to inform aquaculturists, who endure financially because of the mortality rates in clams that QPX inflicts and the ensuing years in which runs must exist left fallow to clear the disease. It was discovered along the declension of Cape Cod, Massachusetts in 1995.
Quahog parasite 10 (or quahog parasite unknown [QPX]) affliction of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria is acquired by a poorly known protistan parasite. Its Deoxyribonucleic acid sequence analysis places the QPX parasite amongst the thraustochytrid stramenopiles. Thraustochytrids are common protists in marine sediments and the water cavalcade, but only a few thraustochytrids are known as parasites of marine animals. Although QPX disease was outset recorded on the Atlantic coast of Canada in the early on 1960s, it did not become a major economical problem until its appearance in cultured clams at Prince Edward Isle, Massachusetts in 1992, and Virginia in 1997. Infected clams are characterized by the presence of blisters or pustules in the drapery and subsequently past gaping and expiry.[8]
Human being use [edit]
In coastal areas of New England, Long Island, and New Bailiwick of jersey, restaurants known equally raw bars or clam confined specialize in serving littlenecks and topnecks raw on an opened half-vanquish, usually with a cocktail sauce with horseradish, and frequently with lemon. Sometimes littlenecks are steamed and dipped in butter, though not equally commonly every bit their soft-shelled clam cousin the "steamer". Littlenecks are often found in-the-crush in sauces, soups, stews, and clams casino, or substituted for European varieties such as the cockle in southern European seafood dishes. The largest clams are quahogs or chowders and cherrystones; they have the toughest meat and are used in such dishes as clam chowder, clam cakes, and stuffed clams, or are minced and mixed into dishes that utilise the smaller, more tender clams.
Historically, Native Americans used the quahog as a component in wampum, the vanquish beads exchanged in the North American fur trade.[9] The Narragansetts used the hard mollusk for nutrient and ornaments.[10]
A population of difficult clams exists in Southampton Water in Hampshire, England. Originally bred in the warm water outflows at Southampton Power Station for use as eel bait, the population became self-sustaining and can at present be found in Southampton Water and has too spread to Portsmouth Harbour and Langstone Harbour.
Clams and red tide [edit]
The term "cherry tide" refers to an accumulation of a toxin, such equally saxitoxin, produced past marine algae.[11] [12] Filter-feeding shellfish are affected, such as clams, oysters, and mussels.[11] [12] The toxin affects the human primal nervous organization.[eleven] Eating contaminated shellfish, raw or cooked, can be fatal.[eleven] Some other kinds of algal blooms make the seawater announced red, simply red tide blooms do not always discolor the water, nor are they related to tides.[11]
References [edit]
- ^ Harte, M. E. 2001. "Systematics and taxonomy, Chapter ane", pp. 3–51, in Kraeuter, J. N. and Grand. Castagna (eds.) "Biology of the Hard Clam", Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, Vol. 31. Elsevier Science B.V.: New York.
- ^ a b Rice, Yard.A. (1992). The Northern Quahog: Biology of Mercenaria mercenaria. Rhode Island Ocean Grant Publication No. RIU-B-92-001, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett. 60 pp. ISBN 0-938412-33-7 web link.
- ^ "Quahaug, quahog", in Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, third ed (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973)
- ^ Roger Williams, A Fundamental Into the Linguistic communication of America. London: Gregory Dexter, 1643.
- ^ Eldridge, P.J., W. Waltz, and H. Mills. 1975. Relative abundance of Mercenaria mercenaria notata in estuaries of South Carolina. Veliger 18:396-397.
- ^ "QPX". Marine Symbiosis.
- ^ Calvo, LMR; Ford, South. E.; Kraeuter, J. N.; Leavitt, D. F.; Smolowitz, R.; Burreson, E. M. (i January 2007). "Influence Of Host Genetic Origin And Geographic Location On Qpx Affliction In Northern Quahogs (=Difficult Clams), Mercenaria Mercenaria". Periodical of Shellfish Research. 26: 109–119. doi:10.2983/0730-8000(2007)26[109:IOHGOA]2.0.CO;ii.
- ^ Dove, Alistair; Bowser (28 September 2020) [09 January 2011]. "Histological Analysis of an Outbreak of QPX Illness in Wild Difficult Clams Mercenaria mercenaria in New York". Periodical of Aquatic Animal Health. 16 (4): 246–250. doi:10.1577/H03-052.one.
- ^ White, Richard (1991). The Heart Basis: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Corking Lakes Region, 1650–1815 (2d ed.). New York: Cambridge University Printing. p. 97. ISBN9781139495684. OCLC 772696326.
- ^ Feeney, Kathy (2003). Rhode Island Facts and Symbols. Albert T. Klyberg (consultant) (Revised and Updated ed.). Mankato, Minn.: Capstone Press. pp. eighteen–nineteen. ISBN9780736822701. OCLC 51204649.
- ^ a b c d due east "Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning". Washington State Department of Wellness. 2020. Retrieved ten Baronial 2020.
- ^ a b "Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning". Centre for Disease Control, British Columbia Wellness Services Authority. 2020. Retrieved 10 Baronial 2020.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_clam
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